Press release

Arctic
The Arctic Ocean was once a gigantic freshwater lake. Only after the land bridge between Greenland and Scotland had submerged far enough did vast quantities of salt water pour in from the Atlantic

www.kepler-polar.eu EU Arctic Policy ● KEPLER represents the needs of users in all 3 pillars of the integrated EU policy for the Arctic ○ Climate Change and Safeguarding the Arctic Environment ■ Strongly [...] Maritime Monitoring GA: 821984 www.kepler-polar.eu Why KEPLER? ● Large changes in Arctic and Antarctic climate, on land, in the ocean and in the atmosphere ○ Contributing to an ‘opening up’ of the Polar Regions [...] Regions that has important socio-economic, environmental and security implications ■ Arctic Ocean will be increasingly accessible and more broadly used by those seeking the its abundant resources and trade

necessary to obtain a unique parameter set! ● Ocean observation (T & S) can be used to provide further constraint Parameter optimization of Arctic sea ice-ocean model by a micro-GA Experiment design ● An [...] Germany 2 Ocean Atmosphere Systems, Hamburg, Germany 3Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Sumata, H., F. Kauker, M. Karcher, and R. Gerdes. (2019), Simultaneous parameter optimization of an Arctic sea ice-ocean [...] Arctic sea ice-ocean model, Mon. Wea. Rev., doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0375.1. Simultaneous optimization of Arctic sea-ice model parameters by a genetic algorithm Outline 1. Motivation / Objective 2. Method /

Assessing the contribution of ocean and sea ice initialization for seasonal predictionin the Arctic , Madlen Kimmritz Assimilation of sea ice freeboard observations into an ocean and ice analysis and forecast [...] zone from ocean gravity wave attenuation, Giacomo De Carolis Sea Ice Concentration uncertainties , Rasmus Tonboe Sea-ice thickness and snow depth observations from satellite altimeters in Arctic and Antarctica [...] and results) Sea ice observations and uncertainties Sea ice model parameterizations and coupling to ocean and atmosphere models Verification approaches for sea ice analyses and forecasts Automated prediction

forecasts Cyril Palerme, Malte Müller, Arne Melsom Evaluation of the ice edge position in the European Arctic - Several verification scores have recently been suggested for evaluating the ice edge position - [...] between the ice edge lengths from the two data sets (observations and forecasts) Melsom et al., 2019 (Ocean Science) Influence of the length of the ice edges on the verification scores ⇒ The SPS is correlated [...] l Research Letters, 46, 4757–4763 23 Slide 1 Evaluation of the ice edge position in the European Arctic Datasets Sea ice probability (SIP) Modified Hausdorff Distance (MHD) Spatial Probability Score (SPS

the Eurasian shelf seas. Ocean waters with salinities below the average salinity of the Arctic Ocean also contribute positively to the fresh water balance of the Arctic Ocean. Such waters flow in from [...] er-Institut) Figure 1: Surface circulation of the Arctic Ocean (Graphic: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Figure 2: Mid-depth circulation in the Arctic Ocean, which is fed from the Atlantic. 129 Iodine releases [...] blue line shows the total Arctic (liquid + sea ice) freshwater content (integrated in the area in blue on the map) (Graphic: T. Kovacz, Alfred-Wegener-Institut) The Arctic Ocean receives freshwater by run-off

these algae. This also means that the decline of the Arctic sea ice may have far-reaching consequences for the entire food web of the Arctic Ocean. Their results have been published online now in the journal [...] Food web
Algae that live in and under the sea ice play a much greater role for the Arctic food web than previously assumed. In a new study, biologists of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre

collected data can be used, for example, to study changes in the freshwater content of the upper Arctic Ocean, as in the NORTHATLANTIC project. Together with higher-precision data from ship-based expeditions [...] drifting measurement platforms that record vertical profiles of water mass properties in the ice-covered oceans. The systems are moored on the ice and measure temperature, salinity, and pressure in the upper 800 [...] online. The deployment of these autonomous measuring systems is coordinated through the International Arctic Buoy Programme. Contacts Dr. Benjamin Rabe +49(471)4831-2403 Benjamin Rabe@awi. Dr. Mario Hoppmann

airborne survey in the Arctic , AWI, press release Time surveys and neckties at Dinner , New York Times The Tech Ice Hunters Use to Track the Arctic Melt , Wall Street Journal Measuring Arctic Ice Melt from the [...] erived radar freeboard of Arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters , 50, e2022GL100696. doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100696 Shi, H. et al . (2023), Estimation of Arctic Winter Snow Depth, Sea Ice [...] Mamnun, N. , Liu, X. and Nerger, L. (2023): Improving Arctic sea-ice thickness estimates with the assimilation of CryoSat-2 summer observations , Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, 2 . doi: 10.34133/olar.0025