scientific attention in the past. Today, the water column structure of the SO largely prevents pronounced melting of the EAIS. This state may change if the position and strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar [...] focuses on recording the history of the position of the ACC and major SO fronts, the status of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation today and in the past, as well as a range of additional hydrographic [...] series of 3D-distributions in the water column of the Arctic Ocean. The selected stations are based on locations and variables that have been observed in the past. The quasi-synoptic survey of the CAO and

learning more about the ecosystem of the deep and how it reacts to human activities at the surface is indispensable. Antarctic sponge ground (Photo: Luisa Federwisch) The landscapes of the deep sea The deep sea [...] in 150 years of deep-sea research we have only managed to take a closer look at a small fraction of this ecosystem; in fact, we know more about the dark side of the moon than we do about the ocean depths [...] considers all waters beyond the reach of light from the surface to be part of the deep sea. This lightless deep sea encompasses ca. 88 percent of the global oceans and begins at a depth of 200 metres. Consequently

and the response of the various Arctic subsystems to the rigorous climatic changes of the last decades. The northernmost extension of the North Atlantic Current system consists of the circulation of Atlantic [...] integration of the vertical velocity obtained from the LADCP and checked against the 1-second averages of the CTD records. The position was obtained from the navigation files of the ship with the resolution [...] s with the use of bottom landers directly at the sea floor (in situ). To assess and quantify the role of the benthos in the recycling of carbon and to calculate the fluxes of solutes across the sediment

Within the AWI-HZG research program PACESII, the CSD is located in Topic 2 (Fragile Coasts). The Centre for Scientific Diving is also the home of the working group "In situ ecology" which is part of the AWI [...] important for the protection of our coastlines. A good example for this development is the North Sea, were more than 80 % of the coastline is already artificially protected. In 2010, the Centre for Scientific [...] Scientific Diving of the AWI has installed an underwater experimental field North of Helgoland called MarGate to study the impacts of artificial structures on the demersal fish and macroinvertebrate communities

that the theory is correct. Wegener got profoundly involved in the matter. We have proof of his meticulousness in that we possess his personal copy of the first edition of his book “The Formation of Continents [...] elements in the Earth’s crust. He called one of them sial and the other sima. Wegener assumed that the oceans were composed of a heavier material than the continents. He thus presumed that the lighter continents [...] continents float on the heavier subsurface, like ice floes on the water. That was the core of his idea! It was associated with the concept of so-called isostasy. This says land bridges or the like couldn’t come

ng the main PFTs (Table 2.1). The f-PFT/PSC is determined as the ratio of the DPs of a specific PFT/PSC to the sum of the weighted concentration of the seven DPs (DPw). For example, the fraction of Chla [...] 2.4). The standard deviation of the latitudinal position of the PF was used as a proxy of the interannual variability of the PF position. In addition, we included the mean position of the Southern Antarctic [...] (Figure 5.3). The authors linked the start of the blooms south of 40°S to the light availability (indicated by PAR). The development of the blooms in the SO fol- lowing the increase in the seasonal PAR

ng the main PFTs (Table 2.1). The f-PFT/PSC is determined as the ratio of the DPs of a specific PFT/PSC to the sum of the weighted concentration of the seven DPs (DPw). For example, the fraction of Chla [...] 2.4). The standard deviation of the latitudinal position of the PF was used as a proxy of the interannual variability of the PF position. In addition, we included the mean position of the Southern Antarctic [...] (Figure 5.3). The authors linked the start of the blooms south of 40°S to the light availability (indicated by PAR). The development of the blooms in the SO fol- lowing the increase in the seasonal PAR

train station The Hotel is just a 450 m walk away from the main train station. Upon exiting the station via the main entrance you are on Ernst-August-Platz, go southwest (left) in the direction of Joachimstraße [...] well-being because it is vital for the functioning of the earth biosphere through processes such as oxygen production, carbon fixation, and the transfer of energy and recycling of matter in marine food webs. [...] evaluating the synergistic potential of the two methodologies to refine and facilitate long term observation of marine plankton biodiversity. Aims of this Symposium There are five major aims of this symposium

Fig. 1. Map of the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere showing the locations of the measuring sites discussed in the text. ent timescales, especially focusing on its distinct seasonal- ity. The central topic [...] for particle- bound 222Rn progenies), the characteristics of the bound- ary layer, in particular the depth of the mixing layer, co- determines the actually measured atmospheric222Rn activ- ity concentration [...] seasonality of222Rn activity ob- served from 1995 to 2011. Lines in the middle of the boxes repre- sent sample medians (mean: red line), lower and upper lines of the boxes are the 25th and 75th percentiles;

time-scales, the spatial extent of the variations is increasing (space-time structure) Correlation of interannual temperature variations in Brussels with temperature variations in the rest of the world in a climate [...] basis for the quantitative use of paleoclimate records. The instrumental record is only a snapshot of our climate record. Two recent advances allow a deeper use of the paleo-record: (1) the increased [...] itut) Lake & Sea ice algae Lake & Sea-ice algae The seasonal extent and properties of Arctic ice on land and in the ocean determine the efficacy of the albedo feedback mechanism causing arctic climate