for the Atlantic Ocean. Ecological Modelling, 221, 1472–1483. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.02.014 5. Gregg, W. W. & Casey, N. W. (2007). Modeling coccolithophores in the global oceans. Deep Sea Research [...] of SynSenPFT products were developed for specific Longhurst biogeochemical provinces [6] Atlantic Arctic - ARCT, North Atlantic Drift - NADR, Pacific Equatorial Divergence - PEQD, Indian Monsoon Gyres - [...] (PSC) Chl-a concentration of [4], Size Factor (Sf) of [3] and PFT Chl-a concentration from the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) of [5]. The model of [4], using global parameters from [7], was used to

for the Atlantic Ocean. Ecological Modelling, 221, 1472–1483. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.02.014 5. Gregg, W. W. & Casey, N. W. (2007). Modeling coccolithophores in the global oceans. Deep Sea Research [...] of SynSenPFT products were developed for specific Longhurst biogeochemical provinces [6] Atlantic Arctic - ARCT, North Atlantic Drift - NADR, Pacific Equatorial Divergence - PEQD, Indian Monsoon Gyres - [...] (PSC) Chl-a concentration of [4], Size Factor (Sf) of [3] and PFT Chl-a concentration from the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) of [5]. The model of [4], using global parameters from [7], was used to

multidisciplinary investigations in the atmosphere, the water column and at the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean.
[...] the early evening on the 13th June 2016 we set sail for the long passage from Bremerhaven to the Arctic. We, that is 45 crew members and a total of 51 scientists, engineers, technicians and students with

m at Gakkel Ridge of the Central Arctic. Such integrated studies of ultraslow oceanic spreading zones are rare, because the most extensive of these systems, the Arctic Gakkel Ridge and the Southwest Indian

to obtain the respective c-PSC. 3.1.3 Phytoplankton Functional Types from NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model The NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) is a global biogeochemical model with cou- pled circulation [...] Kilias, Estelle, Hardge, K., et al. . 2015. Plankton ecology and biogeochemistry in a changing Arctic Ocean – Overview of long-term 58 Sy-4SciPFT-PVR- SY-4Sci Synergy R & D Study 4: Version 3.3 D2.4-AWI-IUP [...] the Southern Ocean: Mean Patterns, Trends and the Role f Climate Oscillations. Remote Sensing, 8, 420. C. Swan, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Laufkötter, C. 2016. A global seasonal surface ocean climatology

Arctic Ocean
This September, the Arctic sea ice extent has shrunk to 4.1 million square kilometres (sq km)-the second lowest in the history of satellite measurements. It is exceeded only by the all-time [...] all-time record low of 3.4 million sq km in 2012. "Once again, a massive loss of sea ice in the Arctic," says Prof. Lars Kaleschke from Universität Hamburg's Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability

these algae. This also means that the decline of the Arctic sea ice may have far-reaching consequences for the entire food web of the Arctic Ocean. Their results have been published online now in the journal [...] Food web
Algae that live in and under the sea ice play a much greater role for the Arctic food web than previously assumed. In a new study, biologists of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre

Arctic Ocean
More melt water is entering the Artic Ocean from the glaciers due to climbing temperatures. In addition, the rivers are carrying large amounts of sediment from thawing permafrost. How the [...] the Arctic Ocean will react to such changes is a very big question, which is concerning scientists around the world. Researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute have now published, together with int

/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html. 21 The Arctic Ocean: the variability of the deep and bottom waters Senam Tsei, Ursula Schauer, Wilken-Jon von Appen The Arctic Ocean is one of the Mediterranean seas bordered [...] bordered by the North America, Europe and Russia. The Arctic Ocean is connected to the Atlantic Ocean (through the sides of Greenland) and the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait (Talley et al., 2011). This [...] the German Bight Senam Kofi Tsei: The Arctic Ocean: the variability of the deep waters 5 6 7 Inhalt Molecular species delimitation and distribution of Southern Ocean mysids in the Western Antarctic. ...

observation of ice, ocean and seafloor processes in the Central Arctic. A main aim is to observe and analyse the changes in the sea ice cover, and its causes and consequences for ocean and life.