PCR. On the last day of the course, the scholars will do present the results of the experiments. Learning aim: The course is designed to demonstrate the basics of PCR-based approaches, and the potential [...] What is the spatial distribution of the Argo profiling floats in the Southern Ocean south of Africa? Is the spatial distribution of the Argo profiling floats influenced by the bathymetry or by the surface [...] pressures of human use in the sea; understand the principles of maritime spatial planning, different interpretations of MSP and the strengths and weaknesses of the concept; challenge the principles of MSP with

in Bremerhaven and was the director until 1992. He initiated the construction of the RV Polarstern. He also held the position of director at the Institute of Polar Ecology at the Guide for Scholars & Faculty [...] work on the sea level in the Red Sea, 50 yr of SODA data (sea level and wind stress). The goal of this work is to investigate the long term variability of sea level and to estimate the effect of local wind [...] work is under the supervision of Dr. Knut Barthel and Published online. In the PhD project, he continue in the same track, but extend the area to include the Gulf of Aden beside the Red Sea. The goal is to

we’re talking about the effects of what’s referred to as the “Arctic amplification” of climate change: the Arctic is warming nearly three times as fast as other regions of the Earth. The environmental [...] project to the IPY. When the IPY ended in the late 2000s, the changes in the Arctic were particularly dramatic, and the research community had to consider the research topics in which parts of the IPY should [...] that will take place as part of the Year of Polar Prediction. But there are additional questions that can be investigated with the help of modelling efforts during the Year of Polar Prediction: how well

different types of killer whales live in the Southern Ocean. They are known to differ in feeding ecology and appearance. However, little is known about the distribution and behaviour of these different [...] whale ecotypes. To answer these questions, scientists monitor the whales’ communication with specific underwater sound recorders. However, so far nobody knew, which calls the different ecotypes are using

Arga Island in the NW part of the delta. The third river terrace is the oldest geomorphological unit of the Lena Delta, shaped by the extremely cold climate of the last glacial period when the area was not [...] assumed. At the bottom of the snow layer, the remaining shortwave radiation flux is assigned as energy input to the uppermost soil grid cell. The albedo of the snow is calculated as a function of the difference [...] version of CryoGrid 3 so that the sum of the volumetric contents of ice and water re- mains constant (for simplicity, the densities of ice and wa- ter are assumed equal). The phase change of the soil wa-

Greenland and meas- ure the sea ice that drifts from the northern coast of the country and leaves the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait in the course of the summer. Lastly, there are the numerous helicopter [...] gravitational field. The strength of the field depends on the mass of the plan­ et. But, unlike a billiard ball, the mass of the Earth is not equally distributed in its interior. And on the planet’s surface [...] CLIMATE MODELLING Always the right scale 32 HYDROACOUSTICS The Music of the Ocean 36 OCEANOGRAPHY The Pulse of Heat in the North Atlantic 42 OCEANOGRAPHY Where is the giant iceberg from the Larsen C Ice Shelf

gravitational field. The strength of the field depends on the mass of the planet. But, unlike a billiard ball, the mass of the Earth is not equally distributed in its interior. And on the planet’s surface [...] billion tonnes of snow fall there every year. In the past, much of the snow remained on the ground, even on the outskirts. It then became compressed and added to the ice. “But over the past 20 years, we’ve [...] important factor: the seawater is currently being pulled at by the gravitational field of the major ice masses in Greenland and the Antarctic, similar to how the moon drives the tides. Should the ice melt, this

support of the construction company HC Hagemann Hamburg, Germany) to study the effects of artificial breakwaters on the shallow water fish and macro-invertebrate community. Since summer 2012, the MarGate [...] from everywhere of the world to control and manage even complex sensor units fully remotely. As basic hydrographical parameters from the area, the AWI operates multiple sensor systems for the main abiotic [...] RESTORE - Restoration of the stocks of the European oyster (Ostrea edulis) in the German North Sea. 2017 - ongoing ( NIOZ & AWI & Jericho NEXT / COSYNA ) ReMoBiB - Real time Monitoring of Bivalve Behavior.

station in the morning of the 2 3 of August, after about 1200 nautical miles of transit. A few miles south of the station the "L'Atalante" entered a slowly moving field of ice floes. Ice Cover of about 4/10 [...] lower in the centre and below the Pogonophora communities populating the outer rim of the mud volcano. With the help of the mosaicking system of VICTOR 6000" we will be able to estimate the size of the areas [...] missions. In the evening of the 25' of August the ROV was deployed for the second dive in the southern part of the "AWI-Hausgarten" area. During this dive sediment samples were taken, a number of artificial

After arrival of most of the scientific participants at the airport of Tromsø, a low pressure zone along the west coast of Norway was passing Tromsø leading to high wind speed. The master of the vessel together [...] depend on the survival and the condition of the meiofauna in the cores. Observations during the ANDEEP cruise showed that nematodes from the shallowest site survived for the period of incubation. The survival [...] surfacing the lander was recovered by the ships crew. At 3 pm of the 16th of September the ROV “Victor 6000” was deployed and was used to sample huge white bacterial mats at the seafloor of the Håkon Mosby