environmental changes in a the transition zone between the northern North Atlantic and the central Arctic Ocean, and to determine the factors controlling deep-sea biodiversity, the Alfred Wegener Institute [...] knowledge about biodiversity in the deep sea has started to increase and today we know that the deep ocean on planet Earth hosts an enormous diverse deep-seabed life. Biodiversity in the deep sea depends among [...] strong seasonal forcing, the accelerating rate of recent climate change challenges the resilience of Arctic life. The entire system is likely to be severely affected by changing ice and water conditions, varying

IODP/ICDP drill proposals. Formation of the Arctic Basin Polarstern for geophysics in the Arctic Ocean Research projects on the formation of the Arctic Ocean Development of the North Atlantic Deepwater [...] modification of oceanic crust, and modification of regional palaeo-circulation. Palaeo-topography and dynamic modifications of the seafloor strongly affect the pathways of the oceanic circulation and the [...] and its precursors? Follow this link Gateways of the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current

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Bremerhaven Nutrient Facility Observatories Ocean: FRAM Water: COSYNA Meteorology Geophysics Ships Polarstern Heincke Uthörn Mya II Aade Stations Neumayer Station III Arctic Station AWIPEV Kohnen Station Marine

support the development of strategies for adaptation and mitigation. Topic 2: Oceans and Cryosphere in Climate How do oceans and the cryosphere drive climate change, and how can we better predict future [...] profound changes, with significant impacts on humanity. Central to these changes are the polar regions, oceans, and coastal and shelf seas, which play crucial roles in regulating the Earth's climate and supporting [...] ty and have a critical influence on both regional and global climate by affecting sea-ice cover, ocean circulation, atmospheric conditions and finally coastal areas. The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)

attenuation coefficient at 490 nm OC ------------------- Ocean Colour OC-CCI ------------- Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative OLCI ----------------- Ocean and Land Colour Instrument PFT ------------------ [...] com/channel/UCxseMj2r9jMDq-LjKzUOIVg/featured 6) Arctic Ocean MSM93 expedition contribution to newsletter of German Science Foundation Transregio Arctic Amplification: www.ac3- tr.de/download/n [...] reasonable spatial scale for ocean monitoring and improving statistical /empirical PFT retrievals. 3) Oelker J. (2021) “Suitability of atmospheric satellite sensors for ocean color applications” PhD Thesis

Transfer in the Ocean Including Inelastic Scattering Processes Using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Model SCIATRAN. Poster presentation at Colour and Light in the Ocean from Earth Observation [...] knowledge on PFT algorithms and ecology to two studies of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel assessing oceanic emissions and the link to specific PFT abundances (Booge et al. 2016, Schlundt et [...] other ocean-colour algorithms, such as standard Chla retrievals (RD-13). The direction for new satellite sensor construction for obtaining high quality PFT products from multi- and hyperspectral ocean colour

to obtain the respective c-PSC. 3.1.3 Phytoplankton Functional Types from NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model The NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) is a global biogeochemical model with cou- pled circulation [...] Kilias, Estelle, Hardge, K., et al. . 2015. Plankton ecology and biogeochemistry in a changing Arctic Ocean – Overview of long-term 58 Sy-4SciPFT-PVR- SY-4Sci Synergy R & D Study 4: Version 3.3 D2.4-AWI-IUP [...] the Southern Ocean: Mean Patterns, Trends and the Role f Climate Oscillations. Remote Sensing, 8, 420. C. Swan, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Laufkötter, C. 2016. A global seasonal surface ocean climatology

OC-PFT. NAT = North Atlantic Ocean, SO = Southern Ocean, Arc = Arctic Ocean. NPC = North Pacific Ocean, SPC = South pacific Ocean, SAT = South Atlantic Ocean, IND= Indic Ocean. Modified from Kostandinov [...] Tegtmeier, S., Krüger, K. 2014. Link of phytoplankton to oceanic trace gas emissions- examples from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Earth Observation for Ocean- Atmosphere Interactions Science 2014, ESRIN, Frascati [...] global oceanic DMS flux and its future climate sensitivity, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 7725–7740. Le Quéré et al. 2005. Ecosystem dynamics based on plankton functional types for global ocean biogeochemistry

collect and analyse Arctic sea-ice drift forecasts at lead times from days to a year. Forecasts are made with various methods for drifting sea-ice buoys and, ultimately, the trans-Arctic MOSAiC drift campaign [...] Apr 1 Jul 1 Oct 1 Jan 2018 1 Apr 1 Jul 1 Oct 1 Jan 2019 uw001_IceOceanModel uo001_mpasCESM ukmo001_FOAM ukmo001_cplNWP ucl001_IceOceanModelTracer nrl001_flatearth24 metno001_RK2 esrl001_SeaIceVelocity [...] collect and analyse Arctic sea-ice drift forecasts at lead times from days to a year. Forecasts are made with various methods for drifting sea-ice buoys and, ultimately, the trans-Arctic MOSAiC drift campaign