factors such as warming, nutrient deficiency or ocean acidification, by focusing on one of the most sensitive areas on Earth, the subarctic and Arctic Ocean. Thereby, we contribute to the Helmholtz research [...] greenhouse gas, rising CO 2 causes ocean warming: temperatures of the surface waters have already increased by 1.1°C on average, while some regions like the Arctic Ocean changing fastest (IPCC 2022). The [...] anthropogenic CO 2 is taken up by the ocean, concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate increase while the concentration of carbonate ions and the pH decrease, also known as 'Ocean Acidification'. Just like warming

Siberian river systems into the central Arctic and the North Atlantic. This material affects Arctic biogeochemistry and ecosystems, while the fresh water itself alters ocean circulation. The Alfred Wegener Institute [...] suspended matter from the Siberian shelves across the central Arctic towards the Fram Strait channel, which connects to the Nordic Seas. This cross-Arctic flow influences the delivery of both natural substances [...] known as the Transpolar Draft, operates. It also uncovers the various factors controlling this major Arctic surface current, including warmer temperatures which could increase the spread of human-made pollutants

Waterway, Coastal and Nature Conservation O2A Observation to Archive OBH Ocean Bottom Hydrophones OBS Ocean Bottom Seismometers ODP Ocean Discovery Program OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and D [...] Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project PAMIP Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison PANABIO PAN-Arctic Information System on Arctic Biota PANGAEA Data Publisher [...] le SMOS ESA satellite mission to monitor Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SO Southern Ocean SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol SOCAT Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS for present and future emerging

ecology with the global climate through plankton productivity and particle sedimentation to the deep ocean, a process known as the Biological Pump, and the diversity and ecophysiology of key polar organisms [...] biology and ecology We explore the biology of polar plankton, its role in the ecology of the Polar Oceans as well as its efficiency in stimulating the biological pump which is, in fact, mitigating the greenhouse [...] Research groups: Ecophysiology of pelagic key species Phytoplankton ecology & particle flux in the Arctic Arktic zooplankton Particle dynamics Biodiversity Image analysis as well as molecular measurement

provide answers to big questions on polar and global climate change. Future climate change in the Arctic and Antarctic depends on feedbacks governed by small-scale processes: How do the surface fluxes of [...] momentum and particles change as the atmosphere becomes less stable, and as sea ice gives way to open ocean? How do clouds and precipitation change in response to changes in temperature, moisture, circulation

insights into key local-regional scale physical and chemical processes for atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Arctic and Antarctic, their responses to, and influence on, projected changes in the global [...] Rinke . WP4. Arctic processes and O-A-I interactions in the coupled climate system Improved understanding of those key physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean, and involved [...] involved interactions that play a major role in the coupled Arctic climate system and associated Arctic Amplification. AWI contribution led by Dr. Annette Rinke and Dr. Wolfgang Dorn . WP5. Antarctic processes

the Arctic Ocean. The four-week expedition, slated to end on 19 July in Tromsø, Norway, will focus on extended ecological fieldwork at the AWI’s deep-sea observatory Hausgarten and at the FRAM Ocean Observing

Today, the research vessel Polarstern will depart on a seven-week-long voyage to the Arctic, where the onset of summer also marks the beginning of the annual sea-ice melting. Over the past 40 years, the [...] zone, the team of researchers on board will investigate how heat fluxes and water layering in the ocean, as well as the characteristics of the ice, interact and influence melting. A further focus of the

north of Svalbard, as well as ocean/glacier interactions off the coast of Greenland. Central research questions included how the ice conditions, ocean heat fluxes and ocean stratification determine sea-ice [...] The Research Vessel Polarstern was in the Arctic for the past seven weeks. There, the summertime sea-ice extent declined by ca. 40 percent over the past 40 years – making it one of the most visible impacts

the Alfred Wegener Institute’s flagship has successfully completed more than 130 expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and offered a temporary home for thousands of researchers from Germany and around the [...] safely traversed 1.8 million nautical miles. The ship is currently on an expedition in the Southern Ocean.