Figure 3.3: Mean TChla distribution in the Arctic Ocean (mg/m3) during 29 June - 12 August 2022. 35 Figure 3.4: Mean Chl-a PFT distribution in the Arctic Ocean (mg/m3) during 29 June - 12 August 2022. 36 [...] The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid and significant changes due to climate warming, impacting its physical and biological systems. Phytoplankton plays different roles in the dynamics of the ocean systems [...] machine learning with extensive marine data from ocean observations and simulation outputs (Figure 1.2), specifically focused on the sub- arctic and arctic regions (above 50◦ latitude), could provide improved

Alvarez E. (2022) Toward the Synergistic Use of Ocean Colour Products to Improve the Description of Phytoplankton Productivity within the Global Ocean. ESA Ocean Carbon from Space Workshop, Online event, 14 [...] (2002-2020). ESA Ocean Carbon from Space Workshop, Online event, 14 – 18 February 2022. Poster.​ Bracher A. (2021) S5P+-I-OC : S5P+ Innovation Ocean Color - presentation (Astrid Bracher, AWI ESA Ocean Science Cluster [...] monitoring of surface phytoplankton functional types in the Atlantic Ocean. Report: 7th edition of the Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report (OSR 7). State of the Planet. Oelker J., Losa S. N., Richter

The Arctic experiences some of the most rapid climate changes on the planet, resulting in significant sea-ice melt. This transformation exposed the Arctic Ocean to increasing sunlight, driving a 56% rise [...] nutrients and carbon into the Arctic Ocean, delivered from rivers and coastal erosion. While it might seem logical that these additional nutrients would enhance the ocean’s biological carbon pump, - boosting [...] ecosystem impoverishment are undermining the pump’s efficiency, challenging assumptions about the Arctic’s ability to store carbon in a warming world.

becoming more frequent and intense. The Arctic Ocean also suffers from this development: The absence of sea ice will lead to more extreme fluctuations in ocean temperatures, with abrupt temperature changes [...] Wegener Institute shows how marine heatwaves will also become much more intense and frequent in the Arctic in the 21st century. With drastic consequences for the ecosystem. The researchers published their

Polarstern Core Repository The section Marine Geology curates and archives sediment cores from both polar oceans which were taken by RV Polarstern since 1983. The collection comprises more than 4000 cores from [...] Roberts Project are also maintained by the AWI repository. Lacustrine sediments cored from lakes in the Arctic and Antarctic are archived by the section Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems at AWI Potsdam

Tallinna Tehnikaülikool (Estonia) Gronlands Naturinstitut (Greenland) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat World Ocean Council EU-PolarNet Participants (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut)

Broad expanses of the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic are covered in sea ice. The ice plays a vital role in our climate system and is an important component of Arctic and Antarctic habitats [...] most frequently takes place in the Arctic and Antarctic. Depending on the season, the ice covers greater or lesser parts of the ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, the ocean gradually freezes over in the course [...] its highest extent in September. In summer, the Southern Ocean is virtually ice-free. The research aircraft Polar 6 flies over the Arctic Ocean during a sea ice thickness campagne. (Photo: Esther Horvath)

Currents transport plastic debris through the ocean, allowing it to accumulate even in remote areas like the Arctic. Unlike beach debris, the plastics in the ocean cannot be readily removed – and breaks down [...] intense research have shown that garbage can be found throughout the world’s oceans. Even in the most remote parts of the ocean, like the polar regions or the bottom of the deep sea, we can find large amounts [...] element Where does plastic debris end up? A great deal of the debris in and on the ocean ends up on beaches or the ocean floor. Especially deep-sea trenches have essentially become deposition sites for large

part of projects such as FRAM, LTER HAUSGARTEN, PEBCAO in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. The main goal of our arctic research is to understand and follow seasonal and interannual fluctuations of particle [...] , Angelina Kraft, Gordon Lax, Eva-Maria Nöthig Research The Arctcic Ocean reacts more sensitive to Gloabal Change than other oceans. Sea ice strongly decraeses, temperatures rise at least twice as much [...] months. While in FRAM strait and on the arctic shelves, a relatively high proportion of biomass was being observed, the proportion of biomass in central Arctic, sea ice covered waters is relatively low

airborne survey in the Arctic , AWI, press release Time surveys and neckties at Dinner , New York Times The Tech Ice Hunters Use to Track the Arctic Melt , Wall Street Journal Measuring Arctic Ice Melt from the [...] erived radar freeboard of Arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters , 50, e2022GL100696. doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100696 Shi, H. et al . (2023), Estimation of Arctic Winter Snow Depth, Sea Ice [...] Mamnun, N. , Liu, X. and Nerger, L. (2023): Improving Arctic sea-ice thickness estimates with the assimilation of CryoSat-2 summer observations , Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, 2 . doi: 10.34133/olar.0025