(YOPP) - from research to improved environmental safety. This video explains the background, methods and aims of the Year of Polar Prediction. For more information, please also visit www.polarprediction [...] change projections to support policy and decision-making. Developing the first operational climate projection system as part of the Destination Earth Initiative, which will deliver real-time, high-resolution [...] storylines to make the impacts of climate change more tangible and relevant for different sectors and communities. Understanding Climate Models and Climate Change We address key questions such as: What is

under the ERA-Net.RUS funding scheme, with partners from the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IOPAN) and the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences [...] partner universities. The scientific team with the PhD students in its centre aims to advance the understanding of the variability of the Arctic Ocean and the cryosphere on time scales of decades to millennia [...] 2017 funded by the Helmholtz Association over a period of three years. The project comprises eight Helmholtz Research Centres and aims to improve the representation of the components of the Earth system

effects on the landscape, as the large ice masses melt, causing parts of the surface to collapse. The considerable diversity to be found in permafrost makes it particularly difficult to keep track of the various [...] found at the Zugspitze. Given its smaller overall land mass, there is less permafrost in the Southern Hemisphere. Although the Antarctic offers the constant low temperatures needed, the amount of land where [...] where the majority of biological and biochemical activity takes place, it is also referred to as the “active layer”, which, as the thawing layer, is not considered to be part of the permafrost. The layer

in the world. The Polarstern operates an average of 305 days a year, typically cruising in the Antarctic from November to March and pursuing research in the Arctic during the summer months. In the process [...] disposal, stored on a total of 9 winches. Food and drink In a month of operations, the Polarstern’s engines and boiler burn ca. 900 tonnes of diesel fuel. In the same amount of time, the ship’s galley bakes 3 [...] An Icon of German Polar Research The Research Vessel Polarstern is the most important resource for German polar research and the flagship of the Alfred Wegener Institute. Commissioned on 9 December 1982

place in the Arctic and Antarctic. Depending on the season, the ice covers greater or lesser parts of the ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, the ocean gradually freezes over in the course of the long Polar [...] near the end of winter. At this point, the Arctic Ocean is completely covered in ice from between the coasts of Canada, Alaska and Siberia to the eastern coast of Greenland. When the sun returns, the ice [...] the formation and melting of sea ice affect the atmosphere and the ocean, and with them, the climate, in a variety of ways. The ice reflects the majority of incoming sunlight back into space. In contrast

in the rest of the world in a climate model simulation (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Correlation of centennial temperature variations in Brussels with temperature variations in the rest of the world [...] This project will advance the state of the art in coupled climate – ice-sheet modeling, and lead to deeper understanding of the long-term impacts of climate change on the Earth system. Contact: Alexander [...] and health in the high latitudes, as well as proxy development and proxy data synthesis, along with the analysis of global interactions, are central research interests of the group. The goal is to achieve

quence of the dependency of nutrients and light, the concentration of Chl-a in the Arctic Ocean is seasonal (Fig. 1.1), since the availability of these are driven by the sea-ice cover dynamics, the seasonal [...] understanding the typical size of the errors. Coefficient of Determination (R2) The coefficient of determination, R2, is a statistical measure that indicates the proportion of the variance in the dependent [...] measures of water clarity and light penetration. The presence of phytoplankton contributes to the light attenuation in the upper ocean layers, affecting the value of KD490. The ZSD is a simple measure of water

loss caused by the Singular Value Decomposition and the extraction of only the first principal component out of the latitude-longitude-time dimensions of the dataset. The variability of the other principal [...] ion We estimated the linear trend of TEP concentrations for the months of April to June and July to September of the period 1990 to 2019 for the upper 30 m of the water column in the Arctic region- ally [...] important factors. The final part of my dissertation revisits the role of biogenic aerosol precursors in the upper ocean. I briefly discuss one application of the knowledge gained about the organic carbon

assessment of the flowering of these species and the associated risk of mussel poisoning in Chinese and German coastal waters. The focus is on the current status of the biodiversity of the genus Azadinium [...] Objective The One Blue project analyses concentrations, degradation and impacts of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the oceans through case studies in the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Mediterranean [...] Research objective The goal of CONMAR is to provide information on the distribution and condition of munitions in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea and to generate an understanding of the release and dispersal

possible due to the harsh water current at the wreck site another attempt was conducted at HE607 with the help of a ROV of the ICBM. During HE607 it is planned to visit the again the wreck site of the submarine [...] Bremerhaven – Bremerhaven The aims of the cruise HE635 are cross disciplinary investigations of munition dumping sites in the southern German Bight and the test of new underwater crawler for munition monitoring [...] (e.g., patterns of coastal runoff) and chemistry to reveal terrestrial and marine sources of nutrients, OM, freshwater, and the distribution of greenhouse gases of the PCES. The effect of local flux patterns