sources and mechanisms of NPF and the influence on CCN concentra- tions in the remote atmosphere of the Southern Ocean. The work of Korhonen et al. (2008) revealed a weaker impact of DMS-derived secondary [...] wheremv is the molecular mass of the vapour (98 g mole−1), ρ is the density of the condensed vapour (1.6 g cm−3 as- suming a H2SO4/H2O mixture of 68 % H2SO4 by weight at 273 K), vmol is the gas kinetic [...] in the size distribution be- low 10 nm (according to the manufacturer, uncertainties in the size range between 10 and 6 nm could be about a factor of 1.5–2 higher for the DMA 3081 compared to the DMA

Southern Ocean
A unique series of measurements taken over several years in the Antarctic Ocean provide new findings about the daily vertical migration of zooplankton communities: scientists of the Thünen [...] Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries in Hamburg and the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven observed changes during the year and between years. The Antarctic zooplankton is the main source of food for many [...] many fish and whale species, including the largest mammal in the world, the blue whale.

kilometres as defined for the region of the ‚Greater North Sea‘ according to the OSPAR Convention for the protection of the marine en- vironment of the North-East Atlantic (www.ospar.org). The North Sea coast is [...] main- land to the south. The English Channel and the Norwe- gian Sea connect it to the Atlantic Ocean while the Ska- gerrak joins it to the Baltic Sea. The area of the North Sea is around 750,000 square [...] Nine of the ten warmest years occurred after 1988. The water temperature in the German Bight has risen more than in other regions of the North Sea. Salt content and visibility The salt content of the North

kilometres as defined for the region of the ‚Greater North Sea‘ according to the OSPAR Convention for the protection of the marine en- vironment of the North-East Atlantic (www.ospar.org). The North Sea coast is [...] main- land to the south. The English Channel and the Norwe- gian Sea connect it to the Atlantic Ocean while the Ska- gerrak joins it to the Baltic Sea. The area of the North Sea is around 750,000 square [...] Nine of the ten warmest years occurred after 1988. The water temperature in the German Bight has risen more than in other regions of the North Sea. Salt content and visibility The salt content of the North

L−1) along the cruise track. The middle line in each panel shows the exact position of the cruise track. The dashed lines show the approximate location of clusters 2 and 4. The order of the colour bars [...] salinity (World Ocean Atlas 2009) and results from a cruise sampling the Atlantic Upwelling (Zindler et al. 2012). 2.1 State of the Art of knowledge of PFT and DMS emissions The complexity of the link between [...] Introduction 1.1 Scope of the document This technical note summarizes the activities in WP 250 as response to SR-3 of the requirement baseline, SoW Annex D (RD-3, Annex D), in light of the SynSen-PFT proposed

constituted 97% of the water sample for the cyanobacteria absorption spectrum. For most of the cases, we chose to use the absorption spectra of natural samples since the pigmentation of cultures might differ [...] depending on the application. In the first method, we look for the spectral regions in the derivatives (second and fourth) of the absorption spectra with strongest features. The wavelengths of maxima of spectral [...] appearances of (each of) the derivative crossing zero. The bands of highest frequencies of zero crossing are highlighted and indicate possible placement of the bands. Many features are the same for both

we first identified the peak Chla of the time series and then looked backwards in time to find the start of the bloom (Brody et al. , 2013). The end of the bloom was determined as the first week when Chla [...] Gaps in the plots indicate that the corresponding phenological indexice could not be calculated because, the peak of the bloom was in the first or last month of the period investigated or the Chla did not [...] values below the threshold. Both issues avoid the estimation of the start, end and duration of the bloom. Figures 40 to 43 present the estimated start, peak, end and total duration of the dia- SynSenPFT

(2015). The best fitting of the parameters of the NPZD model with the nutrient and the phytoplankton data in the southern Indian Ocean is presented here. The factors susceptible to control the most the plankton [...] with a maximum of 34.9 PSU. A threshold 17 of 33.6 PSU was chosen as the proxy of high salinity as the mean salinity around the area is about 32 PSU (Schulz, 2009). A number of 21 years of high salinity [...] oceanographic fields. The Leg 1, which started from Jakarta (Indonesia) on the 26th of June, and ended in Port Louis (Mauritius) on the 16th of July was focused on the exploration of the southern Indian Ocean Gyre

not really the true definition of PFTs. However, in the scope of our project the limitation of satellite products was clear, therefore we still use the term PFT. In chapter any grouping of phytoplankton [...] wrote after the meeting the first draft of the document. Then it has been circulated with two iterations among the writing team, LOV and PML as part of the SynSenPFT consortium, and the “PFT algorithm i [...] limitation of this modelling approach is the choosing of the parameters governing the growth and loss of PFTs in the model. For instance laboratory studies have found maximum growth rates of different diatom

esa-oceancolour-cci.org/ 3 the Journal , which will highlight the major scientific results presented at the workshop. Each section of the report, dealing with one of the themes of the workshop, is self-contained [...] better the needs of the user community in general and the modelling community in particular? What should be done to ensure the continuity of the data into the foreseeable future and to ensure that the quality [...] duplication of efforts. The presentations in the session on “Ocean-Colour Applications for Climate Studies” gave a broad idea of the state of the art. The invited talk by Brian Franz described the NASA activities