research with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle: Payload structure and arctic operations. OCEANS - Bergen, 2013 MTS/IEEE, doi:10.1109/OCEANS-Bergen.2013.6608043. Wulff, T., Lehmenhecker, S., Hoge, U. (2010) [...] On their way through the ocean they carry different instruments to measure several parameters from the temperature of the water to the amount of light penetrating the ocean. At the end of a mission the [...] I 115: 253-264. Wulff, U., Wulff, T. (2015). Correcting Navigation Data of Shallow-Diving AUV in Arctic. Sea Technology 56(3): 27-30. Wulff, T., Lehmenhecker, S., Bauerfeind, E., Hoge, U., Shurn, K., Klages

sea ice models used for? Example of a sea ice model (Graphic: Alfred Wegener Institut) The Arctic areas - ocean even more than land - are difficult to reach, for several winter months not at all. Instruments [...] time. Variability is determined e.g. by air and ocean temperature. The velocity in turn depends on the thickness of the ice, the wind conditions and the ocean current. The changes of the sea ice over time [...] This explains the expression "compute the model forward in time". The area of interest- here the Arctic Ocean is overlaid with a three-dimensional grid. The geometry of this grid can be as simple or complicated

Main REcoM references: Schourup-Kristensen, V., Wekerle, C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Völker, C. (2018): Arctic Ocean biogeochemistry in the high resolution FESOM 1.4-REcoM2 model, Progress in Oceanography, 168, [...] (2014). A skill assessment of the biogeochemical model REcoM2 coupled to the Finite Element Sea Ice-Ocean Model (FESOM 1.3), Geoscientific Model Development, 7 (6), 2769-2802. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2769-2014 [...] Losch, M. and Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. (2013). Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the southern annular mode, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27 (4), 1236-1245. doi:10

Molecular Sea Ice Ecology Polar oceans are seasonally covered by sea ice with an average size of the continent of North America. Despite harsh conditions therein, sea ice and its lower surface can carry [...] community, typically dominated by Diatoms. Sea ice can provide important primary production to polar oceans via these communities, although they are often very patchy. In times of declining sea ice coverage [...] biodiversity, functions provided by its biota, and the future of sea ice communities in a warming ocean. We address these questions through analyses of total communities, their molecular biodiversity and

becoming more frequent and intense. The Arctic Ocean also suffers from this development: The absence of sea ice will lead to more extreme fluctuations in ocean temperatures, with abrupt temperature changes [...] Wegener Institute shows how marine heatwaves will also become much more intense and frequent in the Arctic in the 21st century. With drastic consequences for the ecosystem. The researchers published their

PowerPoint-Präsentation 9th IICWG-DA Leads and ridges in Arctic sea ice from RGPS data and high resolution sea-ice models Nils Hutter, Martin Losch, Lorenzo Zampieri Alfred Wegener Instiute Bremen, 19th [...] boundaries → Is the representation of deformation features realistic? Why do we care? Atmosphere ice ocean interactions in LKFs Prediction High resolution sea-ice simulations Scaling analysis of sea ice d [...] deformation product Covers 1996 to 2008 in the Amerasian Basin Two MITgcm simulations 2 km resolution Pan-Arctic Simulation period 1992 (1995) – 2012 5 class ITD vs standard VP Hypothesis: Does stronger dependence

questions,” says Christian Bock, “for example, how the warming and acidification of waters in the Arctic due to climate change will affect those animals that are perfectly adapted to living in the cold [...] oxygen. For top athletes, the lactate level is a way of measuring their fitness. In contrast, for Arctic fish that are subjected to rising temperatures, the lactate is an indicator that they are consuming [...] spectrometer with cryoprobe. Discover more A view inside – a fish in the NMR Integrative Ecophysiology Ocean Acidification

A major new project will help benchmark biodiversity change in the Arctic Ocean and guide conservation efforts by identifying unique species and assessing their extinction risk. The research led by scientists

towards Spitsbergen, to use newly developed equipment in the Arctic Ocean. Autonomous instruments on the seabed, in the water column and in the air will complement the long-term measurements of the deep-sea research [...] RV Polarstern starts the Arctic season
Scientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) are setting out with the research vessel Polarstern towards [...] research group. In this way researchers can analyse the climatic changes in the Arctic and their impact on the fauna in the future with higher temporal and spatial resolution.

observation of ice, ocean and seafloor processes in the Central Arctic. A main aim is to observe and analyse the changes in the sea ice cover, and its causes and consequences for ocean and life.