the Arctic Ocean. Their flow speed is several times higher than the remainder of the ice sheet, which is why the majority of the ice lost is due to these streams. “Ice streams into the Arctic Ocean account [...] Greenland's Ice Conveyor Belt The Greenland ice sheet loses the majority of its ice into the Arctic Ocean through ice streams. An international team of researchers, including staff from the Alfred Wegener [...] Doing so will finally give them the chance to investigate that ice that quickly flows out toward the ocean. We know that the upper layers of the ice flow faster, while friction slows the movement of the lower

processes in the sea more precisely, a special ocean model has been developed at the AWI over the past few years - FESOM. Among other things it simulates ocean currents and sea ice. AWI researchers have linked [...] exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. While with the coupled AWI climate model global climate simulations are possible, NAOSIM only depicts the processes in the Arctic and the North Atlantic. “Altogether [...] Weather models mainly take into account the physical processes in the atmosphere. The processes in the ocean, such as large currents or the development of sea ice, are not taken into account in detail. But they

Because the air temperature is rising, Arctic glaciers are melting more quickly. “Because of this meltwater, more sediments are finding their way into the Arctic Ocean, where they cloud the water,” says Bartsch [...] pinned up on the wall of her laboratory in Bremerhaven is roughly two metres long. In the past, the ocean washed up masses of sugar kelp from the nearby rocky shores on the beaches of Helgoland, where Inka [...] field observations. And the research that Bartsch is conducting in Helgoland has also led her to the Arctic – an opportunity that only few researchers share. “We’re currently monitoring how the ecosystems

SIPRE corer Exposed Holocene ice wedge at the shore of the Arctic Ocean Aerial view of the city of Kotzebue, Arctic Alaska Rainbow over the the Arctic tundra Old 'Welcome to Kotzebue' sign, Kotzebue, Alaska

other tools, we will deploy an instrument that will filter microplastics from the depths of the Arctic Ocean year-round – and provide valuable data on how the plastic load changes over time. Melanie Bergmann [...] of years now, researchers at the AWI have been investigating the effects of plastic litter on our oceans. Their expertise is not just of interest to the scientific community and the media; their advice [...] to sensitise the next generation to global litter problems. The extent of litter pollution in our oceans is alarming, especially since we still know so little about its effects on marine organisms and habitats

from the Arctic have plastics in their stomachs, which should come as no surprise, since my AWI colleague Melanie Bergmann has found out that litter is also floating on the surface in Arctic waters. And [...] of a garbage collection in the deep sea of the Pacific Ocean. (Photo: Antje Boetius) First of all, there’s the sheer amount of plastic in the ocean. Second, except for foamed polystyrene, the surface of [...] Expertise to Combat Marine Litter Litter in the Ocean Depths Tracking down microplastic 10 Questions, 10 Answers Infographic: Pathways of litter into the ocean Online portal LITTERBASE

rview.html Arctic Ocean Science Board : The Board supports large-scale multinational and interdisciplinary Arctic research projects. www.aosb.org Arctic ROOS : Arctic Regional Ocean Observing System [...] hic Information System (OBIS). www.iobis.org Ocean Colour Data Portal . oceanographicdata.org/REASoN_OceanColorDataPortal.html OceanSITES : A global network of deap sea reference stations [...] for the study of atmosphere-ocean interactions in the tropical Atlantic. www.pmel.noaa.gov/pirata/ POGO: Partnership for observation of the global ocean. www.ocean-partners.org/ PISCO : long-term

concentrations in the oceans. An example is the relationship between nitrate and phosphate which allows to distinguish between water of Pacific and Atlantic origin in the Arctic. Nutrient data from 1984 [...] zooplankton origin. Monitoring of nutrient dynamics Investigations of the nutrient dynamics in the polar oceans are closely related to biological and hydrographical studies. These basic data are important to study

benthos. The Fram Strait essentially forms a connection between Arctic and Antlantic waters and due to the Fram Straits importance for global ocean circulation, it is vital to understand the physical but also [...] connectivity within the Arctic. Particular attention will be placed on assessing the contribution of small cells, imperceptible with traditional techniques, to export processes in the Arctic. [...] Hausgarten/FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring) Sampling stations in the Hausgarten observatory: Experimental sites (red circles), mooring sites (black triangles) The Hausgarten deep sea observatory

biogeochemical and planktonic parameters due to fast temperature increase and acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Team Dr. Eva-Maria Nöthig (coordinator, phytoplankton ecology & particle flux) Prof. Dr. Astrid