north of Svalbard, as well as ocean/glacier interactions off the coast of Greenland. Central research questions included how the ice conditions, ocean heat fluxes and ocean stratification determine sea-ice [...] The Research Vessel Polarstern was in the Arctic for the past seven weeks. There, the summertime sea-ice extent declined by ca. 40 percent over the past 40 years – making it one of the most visible impacts

-Project are: to assess the influence of sea-ice and ocean dynamics in the Laptev Sea on the transpolar drift; to investigate changes in the arctic halocline, water mass formation, and transport mechanisms [...] the atmosphere - sea-ice - ocean system; to study the history of the transpolar system. Contact: T. Soltwedel, J. Hölemann, R. Stein BIOACID III (Biological Impacts of Ocean ACIDification) Project funded [...] Riebesell, GEOMAR, Germany The overarching questions of BIOACID -Project are: What are the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and their habitats? What are the underlying mechanisms of responses

greenhouse gas loading scenarios. The mass balance of Arctic sea ice is therefore determined not only by changes in the energy balance of the coupled ice-ocean-atmosphere system but also by the increasing influence [...] influence of dynamic effects. One aspect of the mass balance of Arctic sea ice are changes of ice volume export rates through major gates of the Arctic, such as Fram Strait. The Sea Ice Physics group investigates [...] Sea Ice Thickness - Mass Balance The Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have undergone dramatic changes in the past decades: The summer sea ice extent is declining at an annual rate of approximately 12

specially adapted biotic community. Ice-covered seascape in the Arctic Ocean (Photo: Esther Horvath) The deep sea in the polar regions In the Arctic, living at the bottom of the sea poses unique challenges for [...] standards. For another, food is harder to come by. The central Arctic Ocean is largely covered with ice and – unlike the Antarctic’s Southern Ocean – surrounded by landmasses. Exchanges with the Atlantic and [...] than we do about the ocean depths. Yet the deep sea is not a habitat fully separated from the surface; it is already undergoing dramatic changes in response to warmer water, ocean acidification and en

1 Towards a New Arctic Climate System Scientific Workshop (CATS / QUARCCS) Venue: Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Middle Hall / OSL Monday, 2 December 2019: Arrival Tuesday, 3 December [...] 10:30-11:00 Keynote: The changing Arctic transpolar system – an overview Ivanov, V., Kassens, H., CATS Team 11:00-11:15 The warming Laptev Sea shelf under climate change in the Arctic Hölemann, J., Janout, M., [...] 14:30-14:45 Spatial and temporal patterns of Arctic sea-ice leads Willmes, S., Heinemann, G. 14:45-15:00 Sea ice drift and deformation from SAR data in Russian Arctic seas Demchev, D., Klyachkin, S. 15:00-15:15

Boetius, A. (2013) FRAM - FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Permanent Observations in a Gateway to the Arctic Ocean. OCEANS - Bergen, 2013 MTS/IEEE. doi: 10.1109/OCEANS-Bergen.2013.6608008 Soppa, M. , Dinter [...] in a changing Arctic Ocean – Overview of long-term summer measurements in the Fram Strait Variability of chlorophyll a distribution in the Fram Strait, Greenland Sea and Central Arctic Ocean. Polar Research34: [...] Insights into Water Mass Circulation and rigins in the Central Arctic Ocean from in-situ Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence. JGR Oceans; JGRC24631: doi 10.1029/2021JC017407 Von Appen W.J., Waite A.,

parameters in the ice-covered, central Arctic Ocean. The concurrent recording of physical, biological and biogeochemical measurements in the atmosphere, sea-ice and ocean for time periods of several months [...] observatory (Graphic: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) The properties of the atmosphere, sea-ice and the polar oceans, and feedbacks between these domains play an important role in global climate. At the same time, [...] Nicolaus @ awi.de Prof. Dr. Benjamin Rabe +49(471)4831-2403 Benjamin.Rabe @ awi.de Deployment of an ocean profilers in the sea-ice (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut)

in various ways for many similar types of sensors utilized in ocean sciences, including a drogue to make the surface unit drift with the ocean currents and less with the wind. Our main application is to [...] platforms to obtain time series data throughout all seasons from the very remote regions in the Arctic and Antarctic. Our autonomous platforms, or more generally speaking ‘ice tethered platforms’, are [...] airborne campaigns and leave them behind to continue monitoring the atmosphere, snow, sea ice, and upper ocean. Often, we simply call them ‘buoys’ although most of these systems are not able to float and depend

several decades of experience in ocean simulation and earned an international reputation for developing the global ocean/sea-ice model FESOM, which doesn’t divide the ocean’s surface into regular quadrilaterals [...] makes it possible to model specific ocean regions – those where deep water forms, or those with an abundance of eddies, like the Gulf Stream and the Southern Ocean – in impressive detail. At the same time [...] 340 KB Media Phys.org | 25.12.2019 Can Arctic 'ice management' combat climate change? Find out more > Euronews Green | 22.11.2019 Walking on thin ice in the Arctic? Find out more > Dialogue & Lectures Policy

Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Interaction Investigation of the Interactions Between the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Surrounding Ocean The joint research project GROCE ( Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Interaction ) is [...] Atlantic, the Arctic Ocean, and Greenland's glaciers need to be studied in greater detail. More information can be found on the project's website. Schematic illustration of the key oceanic and glaciological [...] rapid inflow of warm Atlantic water beneath the glacier tongue. To record the heat transport into the ocean-filled glacier cavity throughout an entire year and observe potential seasonal variations, we deployed