the Earth’s crust, ice- and snow-covered areas, oceans and the atmosphere. Several times a year, Polar 5 and Polar 6 fly weeks-long expeditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. They carry on board a diverse range [...] Alfred Wegener Institute’s research is conducted in the inaccessible, ice-covered regions of the Arctic and Antarctic, making research aircraft indispensable. Currently the AWI relies on the research planes

Waterway, Coastal and Nature Conservation O2A Observation to Archive OBH Ocean Bottom Hydrophones OBS Ocean Bottom Seismometers ODP Ocean Discovery Program OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and D [...] Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project PAMIP Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison PANABIO PAN-Arctic Information System on Arctic Biota PANGAEA Data Publisher [...] le SMOS ESA satellite mission to monitor Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SO Southern Ocean SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol SOCAT Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS for present and future emerging

factors such as warming, nutrient deficiency or ocean acidification, by focusing on one of the most sensitive areas on Earth, the subarctic and Arctic Ocean. Thereby, we contribute to the Helmholtz research [...] greenhouse gas, rising CO 2 causes ocean warming: temperatures of the surface waters have already increased by 1.1°C on average, while some regions like the Arctic Ocean changing fastest (IPCC 2022). The [...] anthropogenic CO 2 is taken up by the ocean, concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate increase while the concentration of carbonate ions and the pH decrease, also known as 'Ocean Acidification'. Just like warming

closes the cyclonic circulation through the Arctic Mediterranean. A particular feature of the Arctic Ocean is the enormous freshwater surplus. The upper Arctic Ocean receives freshwater from the Pacific inflow [...] intermediate and deep layers of the Arctic Ocean, thereby forming the Arctic contribution to the dense waters of the Greenland-Shetland-Overflow. To study the Arctic shelf processes, exemplified in the [...] the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas The Norwegian Atlantic Current is the extension of the North Atlantic Current in the Nordic Seas and transports warm waters from the mid-latitudes to the Arctic Ocean

foci of Physical Oceanography Physical oceanography of the arctic Ocean Optics Circulation in Southern Ocean Ocean Acustics Interaction of ocean and shelf ice SO-CLIM [...] northern polar sea and southern ocean Polarstern in der Arktis / Polarstern in the Arctic (Photo: Mario Hoppmann) Polar regions import heat from the mid-latitudes via ocean currents, which have a negative [...] Antarctica and Greenland, ocean currents interact with the continental ice sheets. The polar oceans play a vital role for the global large-scale flow field by ventilating the deep oceans. We explore the importance

under the snow and ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. The results of the study now published in the journal Nature Communications show that photosynthesis in the ocean is possible under much lower light conditions [...] low light levels. This is the result of an international study that investigated the development of Arctic microalgae at the end of the polar night. The measurements were carried out as part of the MOSAiC

the Canadian Arctic” is a project of the research group PermaRisk , which is led by Moritz Langer , and was published in 2020. Digital stories invite you to travel to the Canadian Arctic. Visual impressions [...] system. The background is the IPCC Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere (SROCC) , which was published in 2019. Hugues Lantuit: Collapsing Arctic coastlines | Horizons 2019 Presentation This presentation [...] these four pages. Julia Boike, Alfred Wegener Institute, Permafrost, Arctic Circle 2015 Presentation This presentation was held at the Arctic Circle Conference in October 2015. Julia Boike talks about the

With our model we investigate interactions between permafrost, vegetation, snow, lakes, and the Arctic ocean. Furthermore, we use our models to gain insights into important ecosystem functions such as the [...] climatic conditions. The models allow us to investigate impactsof past and future climate changes in the Arctic. Since permafrost is usually not visible at the earth’s surface and only few measurement sites exist [...] current state of permafrost. Furthermore, permafrost models give us insights into the evolution of Arctic landscapes and help us understand how these unique ecosystems respond to natural and human-caused

of a permafrost landscape How do you imagine an Arctic landscape characterized by permafrost? The answer is visualized by a 3-dimensional print of an Arctic landscape in Northeast Siberia, the Bykovsky Peninsula [...] ‘before-and-after’ lenticular images, together with video and audio recordings from expeditions to the Arctic, will help illustrate the thawing of the permafrost, and the fieldwork involved in investigating [...] ice melts on slopes. As a result, sediments and plant remains are transported into rivers and the ocean, thereby changing the biochemistry of the water. The data were collected by Gonçalo Vieira und Pedro

diatoms (diatoms) to reconstruct sea ice cover. Projects Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean mean sea ice concentration (Graphic: NSIDC) Southern Ocean Southern Ocean mean sea ice concentration (Graphic: NSIDC) [...] sea ice extent and thickness have a strong influence on albedo, the hydrologic cycle, ocean and air currents, ocean-atmosphere energy exchange, water mass stratification and formation, and biological p [...] ice variations is a significant prerequisite for understanding the interactions between the ice, ocean, and atmosphere and their influence on climate change. AWI has a long-standing expertise in micro