the Arctic Ocean. Stratification If freshwater enters the Arctic Ocean via rivers, preci- The consequences of climate change for the Arctic Ocean pitation or melting sea ice, it alters the ocean’s surface [...] definition. (Photo: Sebastian Menze/AWI) The Arctic Ocean The Arctic is, in contrast to the Antarctic, not a continent. Rather, it stretches across a central ocean that is surrounded by the northern edges [...] bottom of the Arctic Ocean. The currently known species include 366 different arthropods, 197 Fora- minifera species as well as 194 annelid and 140 ne- matode species. What lives in the Arctic Ocean and what

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in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. The results from Stockholm University, the Alfred Wegener Institute and colleagues in the European Fisheries Inventory in the Central Arctic Ocean (EFICA) Consortium are

We know little about the fish stocks in the central Arctic Ocean, and what we know about the local ecosystem is insufficient to ensure sustainable management. In response, in June 2021 the Agreement to [...] to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean – which includes a moratorium on fishing in the region – entered into force. The European Union and nine other countries signed the

Heincke Uthörn Mya II Aade Stations Neumayer Station III Arctic Station AWIPEV Kohnen Station Marine Stations Helgoland and Sylt Observatories Ocean: FRAM Water: COSYNA Meteorology Geophysics Aircraft Polar

Since the marginal ice zone of the Arctic Ocean is a highly dynamic environment, it is crucial to track the position of the ice edge in order to define AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) mission parameters

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taken part in the international competition for forecasting the Arctic sea-ice minimum. The contest always starts in June, when the ­Arctic summer settles in and the ice cover begins melting. We use the [...] climate model of the Arctic for my forecasts. It’s a ready-made model and uses a number of mathematical equations to calculate the physical interactions between the sea-ice and the ocean in this region. Basically [...] sea-ice development in the Arctic and Antarctic. Given the growing amount of ship traffic, we need dependable forecasting systems for both regions. For my sea-ice forecast of the Arctic September mini­mum, I

well as ocean observations (sea-surface temperature) to optimize the initial state of the sea ice-ocean system for short-term (up to 6 days) forecasts. ICEDAS was build around the sea ice-ocean model NAOSIM [...] predict the Arctic summer minimum sea-ice extent in September from the beginning of the melting season in May/June on. AWI is participating in the SIO since 2008 by using a coupled sea-ice ocean model (NAOSIM) [...] However, this approach neglects all feedback of the sea ice-ocean system onto the atmosphere. This year (2015) the initial state of the sea ice-ocean model has been constrained by sea-ice observations in a

role in Arctic Ocean geophysical research for many years and in various projects. Projects Formation of new seafloor at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (Photo: [...] Formation of the Arctic Basin The Arctic Ocean is of particular geological interest. It hosts a wealth of different geological provinces ranging from deep ocean basins over prominent ridges to vast shallow [...] perennial sea ice-cover, information on the geological history of the Arctic Ocean is still sparse. As the sea-ice recedes, the Arctic Ocean will see an explosion of research activities. With RV Polarstern