considered and the sum of the area was defined as the sea ice extent for the sector. The data were finally re-sampled to produce monthly mean SIE (i.e. sea ice area in units 106 km2). The accuracy of the retrieved [...] total number of months (i.e. the length of the time series), were also used to evaluate correlations among the measured parameters in the time domain. The purpose of data evaluation in the frequency domain [...] investigate the long-term variability of the major ionic aerosol compounds MS, nss-SO2− 4 , NO− 3 and Na+ of the Neumayer data. Note that respective investigations of the seasonal cycles of these species

exchange of shelf water with the open ocean play a key role for global ocean circulation. The aim of REDOCCA is to study the impact of changes in the atmospheric conditions on the ocean circulation in the Weddell [...] con­sor­ti­um of eight Ca­na­di­an part­ner uni­ver­si­ties. The sci­en­ti­fic team with the PhD stu­dents in its cent­re aims to ad­van­ce the un­der­stan­ding of the va­ria­bi­li­ty of the Arc­tic Oce­an [...] efficient. The aim of the project is to deliver an innovative, HPC based workflow platform. It will consist of the software stack and an additional set of services that enable the integration of HPC simulations

AABW and AAIW north, the increase in NADW as we move north in the SW Atlantic and its reduction in the Eastern Basin of the Atlantic, and the appearance of MOW in the later part of the transect. Figure 5: [...] for the polar components of the climate system. Since 2009 he is the head of the Climate-Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) of the Helmholtz Association (HGF), in which nine centres of the HGF [...] leaving the ship, this will take the form of a short report detailing the pre-planning and execution on station of the CTD cast, the results they found and an interpretation of their findings in the context

on HABs in the Gulf of Naples, a number of harmful species were detected for the first time, pointing at the relevance of the metabarcoding approach in monitoring aimed at the protection of human health [...] and biogeography of Arctic marine microbes, covering all three domains of life. The development of the observation strategy involves a set of coordinated pilot studies testing questions of temporal and spatial [...] Over the last fifteen years, molecular genetics has rapidly advanced the rate of plankton species discovery in the oceans and the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing has revealed a vast level of diversity

internationally. All of this will be supported by a more strategic and dynamic integration of the Program and partners at the level of the RF E&E, of the Helmholtz Association as well as in the national, European [...] ocean system from the seafloor to the atmosphere. Atmosphere and Climate: The main objective of this Program was to gain a better understanding of the role of the atmosphere in the climate system. For this [...] Observatory of the Study of Arctic Climate MOSES Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems, an observing system of the Helmholtz Asso- ciation and a CTA of the RF E&E MoU Memorandum of Understanding

from the shallow region of the English Channel to the Bay of Biscay, the region around the Ampère Seamount, the Cape Verde Islands and further stations in the South Atlantic up to Cape Town. The participants [...] gradually. In the morning of 10 November Polarstern entered the harbour of Las Palmas. The cruise leg PS95.2 started in the afternoon of the same day with the departure from Las Palmas towards the Cape Verde [...] lectures of the work carried out in the previous six days on the evening before and a teaching/learning period on the morning of the transfer where the outgoing groups taught the incoming students. The themes

y. The the retrieval of vertical profile information from the MAX-DOAS mea- surements requires the simulation of the coupled snowpack- atmosphere radiative transfer, which is subject of Sect.4. The analysis [...] telescope is mounted on the roof of the Neumayer trace gas observa- tory, at a height of approximately 7 m over the snow surface. The viewing plane of the telescope is directed to the north. UV and Vis spectra [...] Hereλk is the centre wavelength of thekth detector pixel. The wavelength window of the retrieval,[λ(K1),λ(K2)], is chosen in order to optimise the signal-to-noise ratio of the trace gases of interest,

station in the morning of the 2 3 of August, after about 1200 nautical miles of transit. A few miles south of the station the "L'Atalante" entered a slowly moving field of ice floes. Ice Cover of about 4/10 [...] lower in the centre and below the Pogonophora communities populating the outer rim of the mud volcano. With the help of the mosaicking system of VICTOR 6000" we will be able to estimate the size of the areas [...] missions. In the evening of the 25' of August the ROV was deployed for the second dive in the southern part of the "AWI-Hausgarten" area. During this dive sediment samples were taken, a number of artificial

Appreciation of 50 Years of the Study of Oceans and Lakes. Bangor 18-22 March 2002 Talk - Hamm, C. (2002): Geometry and Material Properties of the Silicified Cell Walls of Planktonic Algae: The Technical [...] Decouple Ocean Carbon and Silicon Cycles in the Iron-limited Antarctic Circumpolar Current . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 (51). 20633-20638 Paper - [...] Applications of Diatoms . Journal of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology . 5 (1). 88-91 Paper - Hamm, C. (2005): The Evolution of Mechanical Defenses and Potential Technological Applications of Diatom Shells

deployment of Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs) to measure the thermal structure of the upper 1.8 km of the water column. XBT probes were ‘fired’ during the second leg of the cruise when the vessel was [...] mixing at the surface decreases the oxygenation of the lower water masses. Additionally, it decreases the formation of central water, which is subducted from the thermocline. In the case of SACW, the formation [...] deoxygenation of the water mass. This can greatly impact the ventilation of the surrounding water body and the formation rate of the water mass itself. Consequences are the expansion and formation of oxygen minimum