we first identified the peak Chla of the time series and then looked backwards in time to find the start of the bloom (Brody et al. , 2013). The end of the bloom was determined as the first week when Chla [...] Gaps in the plots indicate that the corresponding phenological indexice could not be calculated because, the peak of the bloom was in the first or last month of the period investigated or the Chla did not [...] values below the threshold. Both issues avoid the estimation of the start, end and duration of the bloom. Figures 40 to 43 present the estimated start, peak, end and total duration of the dia- SynSenPFT

different roles in the biogeochemical cycle of the oceans. Diatoms are the major silicifiers in the ocean with frustules made of dissolved silicic acid, influencing the cycle of silica in the oceans. Similarly [...] each spectrum and the polynomial coefficients. Where Si is the fit factor of the ith atmospheric absorber and Sj the fit factor of the jth PFT and Sk for the kth pseudo absorber. xl is the lth polynomial [...] LUTs The RTM SCIATRAN version 3.4 (Rozanov et al. , 2002, 2014) was used for the radiative transfer simulations to derive the relationship between the Chla of PFTs and the ratio of the PFT and the VRS fit

esa-oceancolour-cci.org/ 3 the Journal , which will highlight the major scientific results presented at the workshop. Each section of the report, dealing with one of the themes of the workshop, is self-contained [...] better the needs of the user community in general and the modelling community in particular? What should be done to ensure the continuity of the data into the foreseeable future and to ensure that the quality [...] duplication of efforts. The presentations in the session on “Ocean-Colour Applications for Climate Studies” gave a broad idea of the state of the art. The invited talk by Brian Franz described the NASA activities

esa-oceancolour-cci.org/ 3 the Journal , which will highlight the major scientific results presented at the workshop. Each section of the report, dealing with one of the themes of the workshop, is self-contained [...] better the needs of the user community in general and the modelling community in particular? What should be done to ensure the continuity of the data into the foreseeable future and to ensure that the quality [...] duplication of efforts. The presentations in the session on “Ocean-Colour Applications for Climate Studies” gave a broad idea of the state of the art. The invited talk by Brian Franz described the NASA activities

Arga Island in the NW part of the delta. The third river terrace is the oldest geomorphological unit of the Lena Delta, shaped by the extremely cold climate of the last glacial period when the area was not [...] assumed. At the bottom of the snow layer, the remaining shortwave radiation flux is assigned as energy input to the uppermost soil grid cell. The albedo of the snow is calculated as a function of the difference [...] version of CryoGrid 3 so that the sum of the volumetric contents of ice and water re- mains constant (for simplicity, the densities of ice and wa- ter are assumed equal). The phase change of the soil wa-

According to § 40 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act, the release of alien species in the wild requires the approval of the responsible authority. In the so-called mussel judgment of the Schleswig-Holstein [...] and after the release of a species. • Guidelines for the translocation of species within the framework of conservation measures, published by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN/SSC [...] in the past, or may influence the success of reintroduction in the future. Accordingly, field trials were carried out in the sublittoral of the German Bight to in vestigate the growth and health of European

concern for the safety. Furtherm ore, the area of the scientific activities is increasing, inside the islands and on the sea, w hich requires a m ajor effort for the w eather forecaster to study the w eather [...] eather of other areas w e are not fam iliar. This im ply also the know ledge of w eather in-situ. The activities on the sea (sam pling of m arine flora and w ildlife) are increasing m ore and m ore in the last [...] ith resolutions of 10’s to 100’s of m eters. Forecasting is the greatest challenge and identified need. H igh quality observations are required to better understand the base state of the ice environm ent

Klages, M. (2008): HAUSGARTEN - The Arctic Deep-Sea Observatory , Talk during the visit of the Director of the Korean Polar Research Institue, Dr. Hong Kum Lee in Brermerhaventh of September 2008. . 173. Klages [...] automated object detection in images from the deep seafloor of the HAUSGARTEN observatory , OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE. Harnessing the Power of the Ocean, Hampton Roads, USA, 14 October 2012 - 19 October 2012 . 67 [...] Schewe, I. (2006): Preliminary results of field activities at the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano and "Hausgarten" during the first year of HERMES , 1st Annual Meeting of the EU funded project HERMES, 18.-22.04.2006

absorption coefficient (aph) or the total absorption coefficient (a). The method is based on the knowledge that 80% of the variability in the shape of the aph normalized by its spectral mean from 400 – [...] SynsenPFT. The advantage of the second method is that the relationship can be applied to OC-PFT grid cells even in the absence of PhytoDOAS data, increasing the spatial coverage of the SynsenPFT. Sy-4SciPFT-RB-D1 [...] will adapt the parameterisation relating the fit factor of the specific phytoplankton absorption spectrum divided by the penetration depth with the "real" Chla of the phytoplankton type. The PFT signal

quence of the dependency of nutrients and light, the concentration of Chl-a in the Arctic Ocean is seasonal (Fig. 1.1), since the availability of these are driven by the sea-ice cover dynamics, the seasonal [...] understanding the typical size of the errors. Coefficient of Determination (R2) The coefficient of determination, R2, is a statistical measure that indicates the proportion of the variance in the dependent [...] measures of water clarity and light penetration. The presence of phytoplankton contributes to the light attenuation in the upper ocean layers, affecting the value of KD490. The ZSD is a simple measure of water