Fluorescence Line Height OC ------------------- Ocean Colour OC-CCI --------------Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative OLCI ----------------- Ocean and Land Colour Instrument OMI ----------------- Ozone [...] Southern Ocean phytoplankton size classes to iron fertilization, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1217– 1229. Liu, Y et al. (2018): Underway spectrophotometry in the Fram Strait (European Arctic Ocean): a highly [...] of particulate absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients in the surface ocean; Contribution of the Tara Oceans expedition. Methods in Oceanography 7, 52–62 (2013). Bracher A., Taylor B.B., Taylor

amounts of microplastic in arctic sea ice than ever before. However, the majority of particles were microscopically small. The ice samples from five regions throughout the Arctic Ocean contained up to 12,000 [...] patch in the Pacific Ocean, while in turn, the high percentage of paint and nylon particles pointed to the intensified shipping and fishing activities in some parts of the Arctic Ocean. The new study has

Arctic Ocean
Tiny gypsum crystals can make phytoplankton so heavy that they rapidly sink, hereby transporting large quantities of carbon to the ocean’s depths. Experts from the Alfred Wegener Institute [...] Institute recently observed this phenomenon for the first time in the Arctic. As a result of this massive algal transport, in the future large amounts of nutrients could be lost from the surface waters.

(ASSW) and other international Arctic conferences. As an observer on the Arctic Council, the most important forum on the Arctic, he worked with decision-makers from Arctic countries, and with representatives [...] the Arctic. He served on the planning committee for the International Polar Year 2007/2008 and numerous other committees involved in Arctic research. His duties included organising the annual Arctic Science [...] indigenous peoples in the Arctic. Since 2017, Volker Rachold has headed the German Arctic Office at the AWI and has advised federal ministries on matters concerning the Arctic. In 2018, his office was

moderately rough arctic sea ice and take ridge height and distribution into account. They are well proven for applications in simulations of flow situations in the northern polar ocean. To prove if they [...] leads and polynias For the energy and moisture exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean, leads and polynias play an important role. This is documented by many modelling studies, but only [...] sea ice have a significant effect on the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean. Uncertainties in the representation of sea ice albedo contribute considerably to the differences

better understand and quantify the role of clouds in the lower Arctic atmosphere. A special focus is on the amplified climate change in the Arctic. To that aim measurements during ACLOUD and AFLUX were/are [...] Airborne Observations In, Below and Above Arctic Clouds Map of the areas for aircraft operation illustration the coordination activities at Polarstern and Ny Alesund (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) ACLOUD [...] research institutes (listed below) embedded in the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR 172: ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)³

shifted location • Arctic Ocean: • Increased coastline erosion – e.g. village relocation • Cultural change – subsistence lifestyle facing problems Changes in the ocean impact people Arctic Ocean and extreme [...] weather Impacts on people J. Francis What’s happening in the Arctic Ocean? • Warmer air reduces air column density, shifting wind fields Arctic Ocean and extreme mid-latitude weather Impacts on people J. Francis [...] PowerPoint Presentation Ocean and climate change Dr. Rebecca Rolph Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam, Germany • How the ocean regulates climate • Changes in the ocean • What these changes

North. Arctic Council https://arctic-council.org/en/ The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous [...] the Arctic play in the Earth system? What characterizes the Arctic environment? What changed in the Arctic over the last decades? What is permafrost? How does thawing permafrost affect the Arctic environment [...] permafrost connects to the Arctic climate explain how the Arctic residents and economy depend on the Arctic environment the relationship between the Arctic environment and especially permafrost assess the

slides, and how lakes form on and beneath the ice sheets. She also participates in expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. For her research she uses the AWI’s two polar research planes, the data from which [...] mechanical properties, which have to be included in models, but above all because its direct ties to the ocean and the atmosphere result in a multitude of interactions. Professor Angelika Humbert T: +49 (471)

Underway spectrophotometry in the Fram Strait (European Arctic Ocean): a highly resolved chlorophyll a data source for complementing satellite ocean color. Optics Express Other references: 1. T.F. Stocker [...] “Amplified Arctic warming by phytoplankton under greenhouse warming,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112 (19), 5921-5926 (2015). 3. K.R. Arrigo and G.L. van Dijken, “Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary [...] atmospheric and oceanic DMS levels to particle nucleation events in the Canadian Arctic,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116 (D17), D00S03 (2011). 7. P. Tunved, J. Ström, and R. Krejci, “Arctic aerosol life cycle: