and vice versa, is mainly caused by a north-south trend in Kd(λext) originating from a north-south trend in SCIAMACHY VRS fit factors. For GOME-2, no significant north-south trend is observed. In low latitudes [...] J. (2000). SeaWiFS algorithm for the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K(490), using water-leaving radiances at 490 and 555 nm. In SeaWiFS postlaunch technical report series, volume 11. Sea-WiFS postlaunch [...] up by the ocean (Friedlingstein et al., 2019). As a consequence, the ocean is warming, sea levels are rising, sea ice concentrations are declining, and ocean acidity is enhancing (IPCC, 2019). The role

dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets Floating Ice: sea, river, and lake ice Seasonal snow cover Changing permafrost Polar coastlines Oceanography of polar seas Hydrology of inland waters Polar land cover and [...] Symposium was first held in Yellowknife, Canada in 1990 and since then it has alternated between North American and Europe on a biennial basis. It grew from the often-expressed need for exchange of information

year. Data from NOAA. 4.1. Methane in the Arctic and Boreal Zone (North of ~50°N) Themole fraction of methane grew strongly in the zone north of 50°N in the 4‐year period between 2014 and 2017. In 2014, zonal [...] Crill, P. M., Humborg, C., & Mörth, C. M. (2016). Methane fluxes from the sea to the atmosphere across the Siberian shelf seas. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 5869–5877. doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068977 [...] the northern tropics and the Arctic/Boreal zone lagged the rest of the world, but in 2016 the zone north of 50°N had the highest growth rate (> 12 ppb) globally (Figure 3). Then in 2017, growth was focused

century, the north-south difference of Δ14C- CO2 was counterintuitively positive, with higher Δ 14C-CO2 being observed in the North than in the South (Levin and Hesshaimer 2000). This latter north-south difference [...] the sign in the north-south Δ 14C-CO2 difference has been previously reported by Graven et al. (2012). There are two reasons that may have caused this reversal: (1) The increase of the north-south gradient [...] flux is largest, also because large wind velocities enhance air-sea gas exchange. As is the case for the long-term trend, changes in the north-southΔ 14C-CO2 difference can also provide a constraint on the

n ice sheets extended as far as Schleswig-Holstein and Brandenburg; the North Sea coast lay north of England. Today’s North Sea Basin was covered with tundra, like what we now see in eastern Siberia. Today’s [...] sed by perpetual ice in the Antarctic, and fluctuating ice extents in the Arctic, North America and Europe. The North German landscape is a legacy of the last glacial 20,000 years ago. When this period [...] Today’s Arctic, with ice-covered Greenland, Siberian permafrost and sea ice at the North Pole, is a holdover of that glacial world. But for how much longer? As geoscientists, we provide insights to help

same number of crewmembers never spend more than a month on board, sailing through the North Sea and in the North Atlantic to Spitsbergen. The waste that accumulates and is sorted on board can be easily [...] and, since its installation, the AWI’s second-largest research ship has been cruising the North Sea and North Atlantic as cleanly as possible, thanks to the cutting-edge technology used. RV Mya II (Photo: [...] traversing the icy waters of the high north and deep south since 1982. On an average of 300 days a year, the Polarstern can be found forging her way through the rough seas of the polar regions, using her nearly

northern foothills extend from the northeast tip of Greenland to Laptev Sea in Siberia. At this point the Eurasian and the North American plate drift apart by a few millimetres every year. Using the research

the nearest human settle- ment. Record: during the drift Polarstern reaches 88°36‘ North, just 156 km from the North Pole. The expedition took 389 days in total. The expedition‘s research team comprises [...] flight hours the helicopters were in use 106: the number of hours the research drones flew over the sea ice 84: the number of days the ROV dived beneath the ice Over 1,000 ice cores were collected. 2,600

international projects on the energy and mass balance of sea ice (radiation measurements above, in and below sea ice) and on the properties of snow on sea ice. Much of his work and results are based on measurements [...] Marcel Nicolaus is a sea ice physicist and climate scientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Bremerhaven. Born in 1976 in Haan (North Rhine-Westphalia) [...] and modelling of snow on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice at the AWI and the University of Bremen in 2006. He then studied the interactions of sunlight and sea ice at the Norwegian Polar Institute in Tromsø

's ship - the Endurance - which sank in the Weddell Sea in 1915. Three weeks after the start, the team was able to locate the previously lost wreck. Researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute were also