Underway spectrophotometry in the Fram Strait (European Arctic Ocean): a highly resolved chlorophyll a data source for complementing satellite ocean color. Optics Express Other references: 1. T.F. Stocker [...] “Amplified Arctic warming by phytoplankton under greenhouse warming,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112 (19), 5921-5926 (2015). 3. K.R. Arrigo and G.L. van Dijken, “Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary [...] atmospheric and oceanic DMS levels to particle nucleation events in the Canadian Arctic,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116 (D17), D00S03 (2011). 7. P. Tunved, J. Ström, and R. Krejci, “Arctic aerosol life cycle:

Coastal permafrost erosion, organic carbon and nutrient release to the arctic nearshore zone (COPER) Permafrost Erosion Arctic permafrost coasts, which account for 34% of the coasts of the Earth, are extremely [...] provided by the permafrost matrix and are instantly washed away by incoming waves. With warming in the Arctic expected to be roughly twice as high as the global mean, sea ice extent is expected to decline d [...] and changes to the nearshore food-web through the release of sediment and organic matter to the ocean. A comprehensive understanding of the processes at work at the local level is nonetheless still lacking

flux in polar oceans In both Polar Regions, areas covered by sea ice are shrinking due to climate warming. What are the consequences of sea ice decline in the Arctic and the Antarctic Ocean? Answering this [...] and nature conservation in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans under environmental change. The research project investigates ice-covered deep-sea ecosystems in the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice zones. Iceflux

to-measure ecosystem processes from the water’s surface to the deep seas of the Antarctic and Arctic Oceans using marker pigments. After completing her PhD, from 1998 she worked at Scripps Institution of [...] microplastic in Arctic sea ice in 2018, which attracted considerable media attention, Ilka Peeken has given frequent interviews and talks at events and in schools. Furthermore, she advises the Arctic Council on [...] Kiel, where, until 2008, she studied the effect of the micronutrient iron on algae in the Southern Ocean (in-situ iron fertilisation experiments “EisenEx” and “EIFEX”). In addition, she focused on which

642-32235-8 Xu, X., M. Werner, M. Butzin, and G. Lohmann, 2013: Oceanic d18O Variation and its Relation to Salinity in the MPI-OM Ocean Model . In: "Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines [...] Werner, K., Lohmann, G., Prange, M. and Stein, R., 2015: Holocene environmental variability in the Arctic Gateway . In: "Integrated Analysis of Interglacial Climate Dynamics (INTERDYNAMIC)". M. Schulz and [...] 2-32235-8 Pfeiffer, M, and G. Lohmann, 2013: The Last Interglacial as Simulated by an Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model: Sensitivity Studies on the Influence of the Greenland Ice Sheet . In: "Earth

Expert Panel on Research Vessels and the Working Group of an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of the Arctic Ocean of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES WG-ICA). Hauke Flores also [...] permanent scientist at AWI. Hauke Flores has participated in 10 international expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. He has published 40 scientific papers, mainly on the importance of climate change [...] Ecosystems of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP-Marine), an expert group of the Arctic Council. Hauke Flores is involved in education at school and university, has published several chapters

impact of global warming on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. As part of various international science projects, he regularly participate in expeditions to the Arctic to survey pack ice by ships, helicopters [...] System, a conveyor belt that pushes sea ice from the Russian ice shelves towards the exit of the Arctic, is interrupted by the strong warming. The study received international attention, especially since

in a complex Earth System Model. For example changes in oceanic gateways such as the Pacific-Atlantic connection and the Atlantic-Indian Ocean gateway via the Mediterranean are thought to represent critical [...] 1002/2016PA003055 . Stärz, M., W. Jokat, G. Knorr, and G. Lohmann, 2017: Threshold in North Atlantic-Arctic Ocean circulation controlled by the subsidence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge , Nature Communications [...] between classic hypotheses for glaciations that involve e.g. tectonic changes and associated changes in ocean circulation or declining atmospheric CO 2 in combination with the Earth’s orbital configuration. The

the scientists could demonstrate that the Arctic Ocean as well as the Nordic Seas did not contain sea-salt in at least two glacial periods. Instead, these oceans were filled with large amounts of freshwater [...] Geosciences
The Arctic Ocean was covered by up to 900 m thick shelf ice and was filled entirely with freshwater at least twice in the last 150,000 years. This surprising finding, reported in the latest

species Salpa thompsoni. In the Arctic, her focus is on the copepod Calanus fi nmarchicus as well as other copepod species in the Arctic Calanus complex and the Arctic krill species. Her research interest [...] Carl von Ossietzky University in Oldenburg for „Biodiversity and Biological Processes in the Polar Oceans“ since 2014, and is a founding member of the Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity