quence of the dependency of nutrients and light, the concentration of Chl-a in the Arctic Ocean is seasonal (Fig. 1.1), since the availability of these are driven by the sea-ice cover dynamics, the seasonal [...] understanding the typical size of the errors. Coefficient of Determination (R2) The coefficient of determination, R2, is a statistical measure that indicates the proportion of the variance in the dependent [...] measures of water clarity and light penetration. The presence of phytoplankton contributes to the light attenuation in the upper ocean layers, affecting the value of KD490. The ZSD is a simple measure of water