Press release

Formation of the Arctic Basin Polarstern for geophysics in the Arctic Ocean Research projects on the formation of the Arctic Ocean Connection of the Arctic Ocean to the World Oceans What have we learned [...] learned about the connection of the Arctic Ocean to the other oceans? Development of the North Atlantic Deepwater and its precursors What do we know about the development of North Atlantic Deepwater and its [...] its precursors? Follow this link Gateways of the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as a climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current

y in the Arctic Ocean may transition from being predominantly light-controlled to being more nutrient-controlled. Also, the phenomenon of ocean acidification is most pronounced in the Arctic due to the [...] temporal scales of phyoplankton activity (Graphic: Phytochange) Focus – The Arctic is warming faster than any other oceanic region of the planet and its sea-ice cover is declining faster than models predict [...] e Lüdeling) FRAM - Our Work group is also involved in the context of the Arctic long-term observatory FRAM (Frontiers of Arctic Monitoring) . Based on innovative developments as well as approved technologies

concentrations in the oceans. An example is the relationship between nitrate and phosphate which allows to distinguish between water of Pacific and Atlantic origin in the Arctic. Nutrient data from 1984 [...] zooplankton origin. Monitoring of nutrient dynamics Investigations of the nutrient dynamics in the polar oceans are closely related to biological and hydrographical studies. These basic data are important to study

environmental changes in a the transition zone between the northern North Atlantic and the central Arctic Ocean, and to determine the factors controlling deep-sea biodiversity, the Alfred Wegener Institute [...] knowledge about biodiversity in the deep sea has started to increase and today we know that the deep ocean on planet Earth hosts an enormous diverse deep-seabed life. Biodiversity in the deep sea depends among [...] strong seasonal forcing, the accelerating rate of recent climate change challenges the resilience of Arctic life. The entire system is likely to be severely affected by changing ice and water conditions, varying

AWI’s sea-ice group in their work in the Arctic and Antarctic. The device is used to measure the sea-ice thickness in the polar regions, especially the Arctic. Deployment of the EM-Bird The AWI research [...] sensor sea-ice thickness sensor EM-Bird across Arctic or Antarctic sea ice. This video shows footage from different test and measurement flights in the Arctic. Source: Thomas Krumpen/Alfred-Wegener-Institut [...] it is carried away faster and more easily by wind and ocean currents. As a result, transport processes accelerate in most regions of the Arctic. On cloudy days Sea ice and snow on sea ice usually warm

sea ice covered regions in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans make satellite remote sensing the only tool that is able to obtain a full picture of sea ice conditions. The Sea Ice Physics section is actively [...] Sea Ice Remote Sensing Map of Arctic sea ice thickness (April 2015) obtained from CryoSat-2 data (Graphic: Alfred Wegener Institut) Contact: Dr. Stefan Hendricks The inaccessibility and sheer size of sea [...] the European Space Agency (ESA) is based on a radar altimeter that fully maps Antarctic sea ice and Arctic sea ice up to a latitude of 88°N. This coverage is unparalleled in comparison with all previous and

of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems. Radiation fluxes through summer sea ice in the Arctic [...] energy fluxes through Arctic sea ice Arndt and Nicolaus ( 2014, TC; doi:10.5194/tc-8-2219-2014 ) In this study, we quantify solar shortwave fluxes through sea ice for the entire Arctic during all seasons [...] of melt onset and the correct classification of ice types. Radiation fluxes through Arctic sea ice Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption Nicolaus et al. ( 2012

looking at the Arctic Ocean or the Antarctic. To help you know which ocean the picture shows, we’ve included small symbols at the begin- ning of each article. The polar bear represents the Arctic; the penguin [...] from the Atlantic Ocean are transported to the Arctic Ocean, which contributes to the melting of sea ice. So if we want to know how much heat is transported from the Atlantic to the Arctic, we have to measure [...] the Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean. › The Atlantic water is now one degree Celsius warmer than it was in 1997, which means it most likely transports more heat to the Arctic Ocean. › Part of the Atlantic

funded by JPI Oceans and will create new knowledge and improve our mechanistic understanding of the sources, transport, occurrence, and fate of small microplastics from European waters to the Arctic. The consortium