computer-based model, they were able to show that warm water from the Atlantic flows into the European North Sea and ultimately into the cavern under the glacier tongue, where it melts the ice from below. Their [...] Greenland's ice-sheet
The Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier – also known as the 79° North Glacier – on the northeast coast of Greenland flows directly into a fjord, where it forms an 80-kilometre-long tongue [...] pave the way for more precise projections on the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet and increasing sea level rise from global warming.

The North East Greenland Ice Stream transports enormous amounts of ice from the heart of the island to the sea and thus also influences global sea levels. An international research team led by the Alfred

energy cycle in the ecosystems of the polar regions and of the shelf and coastal regions of the North Sea. Central research themes are (1) reactions of individuals, populations and communities on external [...] Ecology Polar Biological Oceanography Functional Ecology Integrative Ecophysiology Shelf Sea System Ecology Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology

mass loss and global sea level rise. Fig. 2: Schematic of the hydrographic conditions in the southern Weddell Sea (Fig. 1). Today (front) cold and saline shelf water formed by intense sea ice formation flows [...] an ice shelf is born. Meteoric ice floats on sea water because of its density being smaller (910 kilograms per cubic meter) compared to the density of sea water (1028 kilograms per cubic meter). An ice [...] part of an ice sheet and floats on the ocean, but it rests on the sea floor at its fringes and on embedded islands. Contact with the sea floor slows down the seaward movement of shelf ice and thus the ice

and the Nordic Seas The Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas are integral parts of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, and hence key regions for the global climate. The perennial sea ice cover makes [...] shape the circulation and water masses of both the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, which form the Arctic Mediterranean north of the Greenland Scotland Ridge. The reduction of the Arctic ice cover in the [...] continuation of the current rate of sea ice retreat, the Arctic Ocean might change from a permanent to a seasonally ice-covered ocean, more typical for subarctic seas. Our research focuses on understanding

in the Arctic and Antarctic, as well as in the North Sea. Access and application procedure The AWI operates the Marine Station Helgoland and the Wadden Sea Station Sylt and makes them available to the [...] Humborg, Professor of Coastal Biogeochemistry and Scientific Director of the Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University • Wadden Sea, Bluehouse: Dr Lene Friis-Møller, Consultant (climate and biological projects) [...] Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK • Wadden Sea & Coastal Research: Prof. Dr Myron Peck, Head of the Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), NL • Scientific Diving:

January 2024 We left Antarctica behind us almost a fortnight ago. Since then, we have travelled north to investigate the water column of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. The individual water masses [...] density). We stopped approximately every 100 nautical miles to take water samples from the surface to the sea floor. This sampling at regular intervals is an important tool in physical and chemical oceanography

warming trend in the Arctic being about three times that of the global average, is also manifested in sea-ice and the ocean. We are establishing a strong baseline of important ocean quantities in a historically [...] source of heat, salt, and nutrients of the Arctic Ocean. It enters the Arctic Ocean through the Barents Sea or Fram Strait. In the eastern Fram Strait, Atlantic Water flows northward in the West Spitsbergen [...] S. (2016)An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater ,Ocean Modelling, 99 , pp. 110-132 .doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008 , hd

temperatures for multiple years along the Greenwich meridian from North (left) to South (right). Vertical extent from the sea surface (top) to the sea floor (white). Fig. 8: Ocean temperatures near the ocean bottom [...] dense waters are formed by cooling and salinification (through formation of sea-ice). The dense water formed in the Weddell Sea makes a major contribution to the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which fills [...] Total CO2 (NCT) and Oxygen within the Weddell Sea at the Prime Meridian. Displayed are linear trends in the Antarctic Surface Water (top) and Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW, bottom). Statistically significa

this project. The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde were also involved.